Dolores Huerta is a legendary labor organizer and feminist activist. In 1962, she and Cesar Chavez co-founded the first union for farm workers in the United States, the National Farm Workers Association, which later became United Farm Workers. Over the years, she has collaborated with women’s rights organizations, including the Feminist Majority Foundation, and served as an honorary co-chair of the 2017 Women’s March in Washington, DC. Since 2002, she has served as president of the Dolores Huerta Foundation, which promotes participatory democracy, social justice and civic engagement.
On the eve of New Mexico’s annual Dolores Huerta Day of Service Ms. Huerta sat down with the Albuquerque Journal at the National Hispanic Cultural Center to discuss the current political situation in the US and lessons learned from a lifetime of organizing.
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